eqn(1) General Commands Manual eqn(1) (NAME) eqn - () groff MathML (SYNOPSIS) eqn [-CNrR] [-d xy] [-f global-italic-font] [-m minimum-type-size] [-M eqnrc-directory] [-p super/subscript-size-reduction] [-s global-type-size] [-T device] [file ...] eqn --help eqn -v eqn --version (DESCRIPTION) eqn groff(7) . eqn troff(1) roff(7) troff(1) . .EQ .EN . eqn -e groff(1) . eqn eqn AT&T eqn troff AT&T troff ( troff ) . "-" eqn . -R eqn eqnrc -M /usr/share/groff/site-tmac /usr/share/groff/1.24.1/tmac . eqn . eqn eqn AT&T . eqn TeX . TeX eqn TeX . : o eqn "-T MathML" Presentation MathML . o eqn . o eqn "..." eqn AT&T . cdots . o delim eqn "on" . (Anatomy of an equation) eqn () . . .EQ F = m a .EN F = m a. F = m a . . . { } . "e sup a b" "(e a) b" "e sup { a b }" "e (a b)" . "left" "right" . ^ ~ . . (Tab) (Leader) eqn . . eqn . ( "" .) (primitives) . (Primitives) eqn . "" (gifont gsize) ("define" undef) . ( fat over sqrt up). . eqn groff : groff_char(7). + \[pl] ' \[fm] - \[mi] <= \[<=] = \[eq] >= \[>=] . eqn cos hat inf lim . (Spacing and typeface) eqn (type) . "letter" "ordinary" . ordinary "1" "a" "!" letter () digit / operator "" binary "+" relation "=" opening "(" closing ")" punctuation "," inner suppress . type t e t e . chartype t text ( ) t . eqn . chartype "letter" abcdefghiklmnopqrstuvwxyz chartype "letter" ABCDEFGHIKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ chartype "letter" \[*a]\[*b]\[*g]\[*d]\[*e]\[*z] chartype "letter" \[*y]\[*h]\[*i]\[*k]\[*l]\[*m] chartype "letter" \[*n]\[*c]\[*o]\[*p]\[*r]\[*s] chartype "letter" \[*t]\[*u]\[*f]\[*x]\[*q]\[*w] chartype "binary" *\[pl]\[mi] chartype "relation" <>\[eq]\[<=]\[>=] chartype "opening" {([ chartype "closing" })] chartype "punctuation" ,;:. chartype "suppress" ^~ eqn roff 0-9 "ordinary" . ( "digit" .) ( ) "letter" . "..." cdots ldots "inner" . (Primitives) eqn eqn AT&T : above back bar bold define down fat font from fwd gfont gsize italic left lineup mark matrix ndefine over right roman size sqrt sub sup tdefine to under up. (New primitives) "type" chartype " " "set" "reset" "" gbfont gifont grfont "" . X . e1 accent e2 e2 e1. eqn e2 (ascender) e1 . eqn hat : accent { roman "^" } dotdot dot tilde vec dyad accent . big e e "large" CSS . troff (scaled points) . MathML : copy file include file file .EQ .EN . file . ifdef name X anything X name anything . nosplit text "text" text " " . e opprime prime e . "A opprime sub 1" "1" "A" ( ) prime "1" . opprime bar "under" accent uaccent . (') opprime . sdefine name X anything X "define" name . e1 smallover e2 over e1 e2 e1 e2 . over \over TeX (displayed) smallover \over (inline) . space n n em . n . \x groff . pic(1) . special troff-macro e troff-macro e. troff 0s eqn e 0w 0h 0d 0skern 0skew (skew) e . ( . .) 0s e . ( ). .de Ca . ds 0s \ \Z'\\*(0s'\ \v'\\n(0du'\ \D'l \\n(0wu -\\n(0hu-\\n(0du'\ \v'\\n(0hu' .. .EQ special Ca "x \[mi] 3 \[pl] x" ~ 3 .EN \[mi] \[pl] + - troff eqn . . eqn box troff Bx . .de Bx .ds 0s \ \Z'\\h'1n'\\*[0s]'\ \v'\\n(0du+1n'\ \D'l \\n(0wu+2n 0'\ \D'l 0 -\\n(0hu-\\n(0du-2n'\ \D'l -\\n(0wu-2n 0'\ \D'l 0 \\n(0hu+\\n(0du+2n'\ \h'\\n(0wu+2n' .nr 0w +2n .nr 0d +1n .nr 0h +1n .. .EQ define box ' special Bx $1 ' box(foo) ~ "bar" .EN split "text" text text " " . e1 uaccent e2 e2 e1. e2 (descender) eqn e1 . utilde uaccent (tilde) . undef name name . vcenter e e (math axis) "+" "-" . MathML eqn . sum : define sum ! { type "operator" vcenter size +5 \(*S } ! (Extended primitives) eqn eqn AT&T . delim on eqn "on" delim "delim off" . . eqn "o" "n" . . col n { ... } ccol n { ... } lcol n { ... } rcol n { ... } pile n { ... } cpile n { ... } lpile n { ... } rpile n { ... } n em \x eqn MathML . . n (pile) . (Customization) eqn troff () . MathML MathML . "set" "reset" . set p n n p n em . set x_height 45 eqn x 0.45 em . reset p p . p . . minimum_size ( ) ( ) (5). fat_offset fat () (4). MathML fat_offset : over_hang (0). accent_width bar under (31). bar under . delimiter_factor left right (900). delimiter_shortfall left right (50). null_delimiter_space (12). script_space (5). thin_space (17). medium_space (22). thick_space (28). half_space ^ (17). full_space ~ (28). x_height "x" (45). axis_height "+" "-" (26). . default_rule_thickness \[ru] \D (4). num1 over (70). num2 smallover (36). denom1 over (70). denom2 smallover (36). sup1 (42). sup2 smallover (37). sup1 . sup3 (28). sup2 . sub1 (20). sub2 (23). sup_drop (38). sub_drop (5). big_op_spacing1 (11). big_op_spacing2 (17). big_op_spacing3 (20). big_op_spacing4 (60). big_op_spacing5 (10). baseline_sep (pile) (140). num1 denom1 . shift_down (26). axis_height . column_sep (100). matrix_side_sep (17). draw_lines eqn \D troff \l \[ru] . eqnrc : 1 ps html X11 0. body_height eqn \x troff (85). body_depth eqn \x troff (35). nroff ndefine define tdefine tdefine define ndefine . eqnrc : 1 ascii latin1 utf8 0. (Macros) eqn . define ndefine tdefine : . . . $n n ( ) n n . (Predefined macros) eqn eqn AT&T : and approx arc cos cosh del det dot dotdot dyad exp for grad half hat if inter Im inf int lim ln log max min nothing partial prime prod Re sin sinh sum tan tanh tilde times union vec == != += -> <- << >> "...". alpha beta chi delta epsilon eta gamma iota kappa lambda mu nu omega omicron phi pi psi rho sigma tau theta upsilon xi zeta . (Alpha) (ALPHA) . eqn cdot cdots utilde ( ) dollar ldots . (Fonts) eqn () : / (oblique) / (upright) / (heavy). grfont gifont gbfont groff . R I B ( ) . chartype ( ) . "letter" . bold () . gbfont f f . gifont f f (). eqn gfont AT&T . grfont f f . roff 10 . MK (mark) . . eqn (diversion) 0 . ( eqn AT&T 1 .) eqn . (OPTIONS) --help -v --version . -C .EQ .EN . -d xy x y .EQ/.EN . x y . "delim xy" . -f F "gifont F" . -m n "set minimum_size n" . -M dir eqnrc dir "" . -N eqn . -p n n . . eqn . -r . -R eqnrc. -s n "gsize n" . . -T dev dev. dev 1 eqnrc . dev "MathML" eqn roff eqnrc . ps . (EXIT STATUS) eqn 0 2 1 . (FILES) /usr/share/groff/1.24.1/tmac/eqnrc troff . eqn . MathML (MathML OUTPUT LIMITATIONS) MathML . troff . o eqn ( "" ) MathML . o special up down fwd back "" MathML . o vcenter MathML . o eqn troff -- -- "" . troff eqn MathML .EQ .EN delim . "" "" . (CAVEATS) eqn troff . "pi" "PI" troff . "gifont PI" eqn Palatino gropdf(1) grops(1) "gifont "PI"" . . TeX eqn (displayed) (inline) smallover . EQ EN . . (BUGS) eqn --<<>> . . eqn . MathML mark lineup . "" . MathML "" "" . . (EXAMPLES) eqn . .EQ sin ( alpha + beta ) = sin alpha cos beta + cos alpha sin beta .EN . .EQ delim $$ .EN Having cached a table of logarithms, the property $ln ( x y ) = ln x + ln y$ sped calculations. ~ . .EQ x = { - b ~ \[+-] ~ sqrt { b sup 2 - 4 a c } } over { 2 a } .EN - . - 0.06 em ~ medium_space . "frac" . .EQ chartype "binary" \[+-] define frac ! { $1 } over { $2 } ! x = frac(- b \[+-] sqrt { b sup 2 - 4 a c }, 2 a) .EN (SEE ALSO) "Typesetting Mathematics--User's Guide" (2nd edition), by Brian W. Kernighan and Lorinda L. Cherry, 1978, AT&T Bell Laboratories Computing Science Technical Report No. 17. The TeXbook, by Donald E. Knuth, 1984, Addison-Wesley Professional. G "" . groff_char(7) . " " " " " " . groff(1) troff(1) pic(1) groff_font(5) groff 1.24.1 2026-03-15 eqn(1)