TAR(1) GNU TAR Manual TAR(1) (NAME) tar - (SYNOPSIS) Traditional usage tar {A|c|d|r|t|u|x}[GnSkUWOmpsMBiajJzZhPlRvwo] [ARG...] UNIX-style usage tar -A [OPTIONS] ARCHIVE ARCHIVE tar -c [-f ARCHIVE] [OPTIONS] [FILE...] tar -d [-f ARCHIVE] [OPTIONS] [FILE...] tar -t [-f ARCHIVE] [OPTIONS] [MEMBER...] tar -r [-f ARCHIVE] [OPTIONS] [FILE...] tar -u [-f ARCHIVE] [OPTIONS] [FILE...] tar -x [-f ARCHIVE] [OPTIONS] [MEMBER...] GNU-style usage tar {--catenate|--concatenate} [OPTIONS] ARCHIVE ARCHIVE tar --create [--file ARCHIVE] [OPTIONS] [FILE...] tar {--diff|--compare} [--file ARCHIVE] [OPTIONS] [FILE...] tar --delete [--file ARCHIVE] [OPTIONS] [MEMBER...] tar --append [-f ARCHIVE] [OPTIONS] [FILE...] tar --list [-f ARCHIVE] [OPTIONS] [MEMBER...] tar --test-label [--file ARCHIVE] [OPTIONS] [LABEL...] tar --update [--file ARCHIVE] [OPTIONS] [FILE...] tar --update [-f ARCHIVE] [OPTIONS] [FILE...] tar {--extract|--get} [-f ARCHIVE] [OPTIONS] [MEMBER...] (NOTE) GNU tar . (GNU Tar Manual) texinfo . info tar info tar . info emacs(1) : http://www.gnu.org/software/tar/manual . (DESCRIPTION) GNU tar ( ) . ( : tape archiver) . Option styles GNU tar . (traditional style) . . : . c v (verbose) f . tar /etc etc.tar : tar cfv etc.tar /etc (UNIX or short-option style) . . -g/tmp/snar.db. -vkp. ( ) -vkpf a.tar. : tar -cvf etc.tar /etc tar -c -v -f etc.tar /etc (GNU or long-option style) . . . . : tar --create --file etc.tar --verbose /etc ( ): tar --cre --file=etc.tar --verb /etc . Operation mode GNU tar . . . -A, --catenate, --concatenate . . tar . -i (--ignore-zeros) . . -c, --create . . --no-recursion . -d, --diff, --compare . . . --delete . . . . . -r, --append . -c (--create) . -t, --list . . . --test-label (volume label) . ( ) 0 . tar . 0 1 . -v (--verbose) . . -u, --update . -c -r . . . -x, --extract, --get . . . --show-defaults tar . . -?, --help . . --usage . . --version . (OPTIONS) Operation modifiers --check-device (). -g, --listed-incremental=FILE . FILE (snapshot file) tar . FILE ( 0). N snapshot N-1 FILE . FILE /dev/null . --hole-detection=METHOD METHOD (sparse files). --sparse . METHOD seek raw. seek raw . -G, --incremental . --ignore-failed-read . --level=NUMBER . --level=0 : tar snapshot 0 . -n, --seek (seekable) . tar seek . . ( --list --extract ). --no-check-device . --no-seek (seekable) . --occurrence[=N] N . : --delete --diff --extract --list -T . N 1 . --restrict . --sparse-version=MAJOR[.MINOR] ( --sparse). --sparse . 0.0 0.1 1.0. D "Sparse Formats" . info : info tar 'Sparse Formats'. -S, --sparse (sparse). ( DBM ). tar . Overwrite control tar . -k, --keep-old-files . --keep-newer-files . --keep-directory-symlink . --no-overwrite-dir (metadata) . --one-top-level[=DIR] DIR ( --auto-compress ). --overwrite . --overwrite-dir (). --recursive-unlink . --remove-files . --skip-old-files . -U, --unlink-first . -W, --verify . Output stream selection --ignore-command-error . --no-ignore-command-error (). -O, --to-stdout . --to-command=COMMAND (pipe) COMMAND. . . : TAR_FILETYPE . : f (Regular file) d (Directory) l (Symbolic link) h (Hard link) b (Block device) c (Character device) . TAR_MODE . TAR_FILENAME . TAR_REALNAME . TAR_UNAME . TAR_GNAME . TAR_ATIME . (Epoch) . . TAR_MTIME . TAR_CTIME . TAR_SIZE . TAR_UID (UID) . TAR_GID (GID) . tar : TAR_VERSION GNU tar. TAR_ARCHIVE tar . TAR_BLOCKING_FACTOR . TAR_VOLUME tar ( ). TAR_FORMAT . : gnu oldgnu posix ustar v7. TAR_SUBCOMMAND ( ) tar . TAR_FD (File descriptor) tar . tar . -L, --tape-length=N Nx1024 . N ( ) 1024 . -M . -M, --multi-volume / / . --rmt-command=COMMAND COMMAND rmt . -f . --rsh-command=COMMAND COMMAND rsh . -f . --volno-file=FILE --multi-volume tar FILE . Device blocking -b, --blocking-factor=BLOCKS BLOCKSx512 . -B, --read-full-records . -i, --ignore-zeros . (EOF) tar . -A . --record-size=NUMBER . NUMBER . 512 . --record-size=10K . . Archive format selection -H, --format=FORMAT . : gnu GNU tar 1.13.x oldgnu GNU tar <= 1.12. pax, posix POSIX 1003.1-2001 (pax). ustar POSIX 1003.1-1988 (ustar). v7 V7 tar. --old-archive, --portability --format=v7. --pax-option=keyword[[:]=value][,keyword[[:]=value]]... pax PAX (-H pax). -o pax(1) . --posix --format=posix. -V, --label=TEXT TEXT. TEXT . Compression options -a, --auto-compress . -I, --use-compress-program=COMMAND COMMAND. -d . . -j, --bzip2 bzip2(1). -J, --xz xz(1). --lzip lzip(1). --lzma lzma(1). --lzop lzop(1). --no-auto-compress . -z, --gzip, --gunzip, --ungzip gzip(1). -Z, --compress, --uncompress compress(1). --zstd zstd(1). Handling of file attributes --atime-preserve[=METHOD] (METHOD=replace ) (METHOD=system). --delay-directory-restore . . --group=NAME[:GID] NAME . GID NAME GID . (GID ) . --group-map=FILE FILE . --group-map=FILE FILE. . # . FILE . : OLDGRP NEWGRP[:NEWGID] OLDGRP GID + . NEWGID NEWGRP +GID . NEWGRP NEWGID . OLDGRP NEWGRP GID NEWGID . --mode=CHANGES CHANGES . --mtime=DATE-OR-FILE mtime ( ) . DATE-OR-FILE / . mtime . -m, --touch ( ). --no-delay-directory-restore --delay-directory-restore. --no-same-owner ( ). --no-same-permissions umask ( ). --numeric-owner /. --owner=NAME[:UID] NAME . UID NAME UID . (UID ) . --owner-map=FILE FILE . --owner-map=FILE FILE. . # . FILE UID . : OLDUSR NEWUSR[:NEWUID] OLDUSR UID + . NEWUID NEWUSR +UID . NEWUSR NEWUID . OLDUSR NEWUSR UID NEWUID . -p, --preserve-permissions, --same-permissions ( /superuser). --same-owner ( ). -s, --preserve-order, --same-order . --sort=ORDER ORDER : none name inode. --sort=none . --sort=name . --sort=inode (seek) . . Extended file attributes --acls POSIX ACLs. --no-acls POSIX ACLs. --selinux SELinux. --no-selinux SELinux. --xattrs (extended attributes). --no-xattrs . --xattrs-exclude=PATTERN xattr. PATTERN POSIX --xattrs-exclude='^user.' . --xattrs-include=PATTERN xattr. PATTERN POSIX . Device selection and switching -f, --file=ARCHIVE ARCHIVE. tar `TAPE' . . tar . --show-defaults tar --help . . IP : --file=remotehost:/dev/sr0 @ . rsh(1) . ssh(1) . : --rsh-command=/usr/bin/ssh rmt(8) . tar --rmt-command tar . --force-local . -F, --info-script=COMMAND, --new-volume-script=COMMAND COMMAND ( -M). . tar : TAR_VERSION GNU tar. TAR_ARCHIVE tar . TAR_BLOCKING_FACTOR . TAR_VOLUME tar ( ). TAR_FORMAT . : gnu oldgnu posix ustar v7. TAR_SUBCOMMAND ( ) tar . TAR_FD tar . tar . -L, --tape-length=N Nx1024 . N ( ) 1024 . -M . -M, --multi-volume // . --rmt-command=COMMAND COMMAND rmt . -f . --rsh-command=COMMAND COMMAND rsh . -f . --volno-file=FILE --multi-volume tar FILE . Local file selection --add-file=FILE FILE ( ). --backup[=CONTROL] . CONTROL . : none, off . t, numbered . nil, existing . never, simple . CONTROL VERSION_CONTROL . existing . -C, --directory=DIR DIR . . --exclude=PATTERN PATTERN (wildcard) glob(3). --exclude-backups . --exclude-caches CACHEDIR.TAG (tag). --exclude-caches-all CACHEDIR.TAG . --exclude-caches-under CACHEDIR.TAG. --exclude-ignore=FILE FILE . . . --exclude-ignore-recursive=FILE --exclude-ignore FILE . --exclude-tag=FILE FILE FILE. --exclude-tag-all=FILE FILE. --exclude-tag-under=FILE FILE. --exclude-vcs (VCS). --exclude-vcs-ignores . : .cvsignore .gitignore .bzrignore .hgignore. -h, --dereference . --hard-dereference . -K, --starting-file=MEMBER . --newer-mtime=DATE DATE . DATE / . (mtime) . --no-null --null. --no-recursion . --no-unquote . --no-verbatim-files-from tar . . --no-verbatim-files-from --verbatim-files-from . (positional) : --files-from --verbatim-files-from . --no-null . --null -T (null-terminated) ( ). : --verbatim-files-from. -N, --newer=DATE, --after-date=DATE DATE . DATE / . (mtime) . --one-file-system . -P, --absolute-names . --recursion (). --suffix=STRING . ~ SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX . -T, --files-from=FILE FILE. FILE LF ( ). . - tar . --verbatim-files-from . --null tar FILE LF NUL . -print0 find(1) . --unquote (). --verbatim-files-from . --files-from (-T) . tar . --verbatim-files-from . --files-from . --no-verbatim-files-from . --null . : --add-file. -X, --exclude-from=FILE FILE. File name transformations --strip-components=NUMBER NUMBER . --transform=EXPRESSION, --xform=EXPRESSION sed EXPRESSION . File name matching options (exclude) (include) . --anchored . --ignore-case . --no-anchored / ( ). --no-ignore-case (). --no-wildcards ( ). --no-wildcards-match-slash / . --wildcards ( ). --wildcards-match-slash / ( ). Informative output --checkpoint[=N] N ( 10). --checkpoint-action=ACTION ACTION (checkpoint). --clamp-mtime --mtime . --full-time . --index-file=FILE (verbose) FILE. -l, --check-links . --no-quote-chars=STRING STRING. --quote-chars=STRING STRING . --quoting-style=STYLE . STYLE : literal shell shell-always c c-maybe escape locale clocale. -R, --block-number . --show-omitted-dirs . --show-transformed-names, --show-stored-names --strip --transform. --totals[=SIGNAL] . SIGNAL . : SIGHUP SIGQUIT SIGINT SIGUSR1 SIGUSR2. SIG . --utc (UTC). -v, --verbose . . . tar 2.5.1 "The --verbose Option" . --warning=KEYWORD KEYWORD. KEYWORD no- . --warning . tar: all (). none . filename-with-nuls "%s: file name read contains nul character" alone-zero-block "A lone zero block at %s" tar --create: cachedir "%s: contains a cache directory tag %s; %s" file-shrank "%s: File shrank by %s bytes; padding with zeros" xdev "%s: file is on a different filesystem; not dumped" file-ignored "%s: Unknown file type; file ignored" "%s: socket ignored" "%s: door ignored" file-unchanged "%s: file is unchanged; not dumped" ignore-archive "%s: file is the archive; not dumped" file-removed "%s: File removed before we read it" file-changed "%s: file changed as we read it" failed-read . --ignore-failed-read . tar --extract: existing-file "%s: skipping existing file" timestamp "%s: implausibly old time stamp %s" "%s: time stamp %s is %s s in the future" contiguous-cast "Extracting contiguous files as regular files" symlink-cast "Attempting extraction of symbolic links as hard links" unknown-cast "%s: Unknown file type '%c', extracted as normal file" ignore-newer "Current %s is newer or same age" unknown-keyword "Ignoring unknown extended header keyword '%s'" decompress-program . ( --verbose ). : $ tar --warning=decompress-program -x -f archive.Z tar (child): cannot run compress: No such file or directory tar (child): trying gzip tar compress archive.Z gzip . record-size "Record size = %lu blocks" : rename-directory "%s: Directory has been renamed from %s" "%s: Directory has been renamed" new-directory "%s: Directory is new" xdev "%s: directory is on a different device: not purging" bad-dumpdir "Malformed dumpdir: 'X' never used" -w, --interactive, --confirmation . Compatibility options -o --old-archive . --no-same-owner . (Size suffixes) b Blocks SIZE x 512 B Kilobytes SIZE x 1024 c Bytes SIZE G Gigabytes SIZE x 1024^3 K Kilobytes SIZE x 1024 k Kilobytes SIZE x 1024 M Megabytes SIZE x 1024^2 P Petabytes SIZE x 1024^5 T Terabytes SIZE x 1024^4 w Words SIZE x 2 (RETURN VALUE) Tar . 0 . 1 . tar --compare (--diff, -d) . tar --create --append --update . 2 (Fatal error). . tar tar . ( -z) . rmt . (SEE ALSO) bzip2(1), compress(1), gzip(1), lzma(1), lzop(1), rmt(8), symlink(7), xz(1), zstd(1). tar: info tar info emacs(1) . GNU tar : http://www.gnu.org/software/tar/manual (REPORTING BUGS) . (COPYRIGHT) Copyright (C) 2013-2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc. License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later : . . TAR July 13, 2020 TAR(1)