TRACEROUTE(8) (NAME) traceroute - (SYNOPSIS) traceroute [-46dFITUnreAV] [-f first_ttl] [-g gate,...] [-i device] [-m max_ttl] [-p port] [-s src_addr] [-q nqueries] [-N squeries] [-t tos] [-l flow_label] [-w waittimes] [-z sendwait] [-UL] [-D] [-P proto] [--sport=port] [-M method] [-O mod_options] [--mtu] [--back] host [packet_len] traceroute6 [options] (DESCRIPTION) traceroute IP . (TTL) IP (gateway) ICMP TIME_EXCEEDED . traceroute6 traceroute -6 . IP (host) . packet_len ( IPv4 IPv6). . TTL ( ) ICMP << >> ("time exceeded") IP . TTL ICMP << >> ("port unreachable") TCP ( TCP reset) <<>> ( hop ). TTL ( ) TTL (round trip time) . . . <<*>> () . : !H !N !P ( ) !S ( ) !F ( fragmentation ) !X ( ) !V ( ) !C ( ) ! ( ICMP ). traceroute . UDP ( -p ). ICMP TCP ( TCP half-open ). () traceroute . <<>> UDP ICMP echo . ( tcp) (LIST OF AVAILABLE METHODS) . / ( ). (OPTIONS) --help . -4, -6 IPv4 IPv6. . IPv4 IPv6 traceroute IPv4 . -I, --icmp ICMP ECHO -T, --tcp TCP SYN -d, --debug ( ) -F, --dont-fragment . ( IPv4 DF ). packet_len MTU . --mtu ( ) . ( -F --mtu) 2.6.22 . IPv6 IPv4 MTU ( ) MTU . -f first_ttl, --first=first_ttl TTL . 1 . -g gateway, --gateway=gateway traceroute IP gateway ( ). gateway ( ) . IPv6 num,addr,addr... num ( 2 ). 0 (rfc5095). -i interface, --interface=interface traceroute . . -m max_ttl, --max-hops=max_ttl ( time-to-live) traceroute . 30 . -N squeries, --sim-queries=squeries . traceroute . 16 . (rate throttling) ICMP . . -n IP . -p port, --port=port UDP traceroute ( ). ICMP ICMP ( ). TCP (constant) . -t tos, --tos=tos IPv4 (TOS) (Precedence) . 16 ( ) 8 ( ). TOS ( ) . IPv6 (Traffic Control) . -l flow_label, --flowlabel=flow_label (flow_label) IPv6. -w max[,here,near], --wait=max[,here,near] . ( ) . max ( 5.0) . traceroute max . . here ( 3.0) . max ( ) (timeout) . near ( 10.0) . ( ). ( ). . max . here / near . max here near ( ). -q nqueries, --queries=nqueries . 3 . -r . . . -s source_addr, --source=source_addr . . . -z sendwait, --sendwait=sendwait ( 0). 10 ( ). ICMP (rate-limit) . -e, --extensions ICMP ( rfc4884). CLASS/TYPE: . MPLS ( rfc4950) : MPLS:L=label,E=exp_use,S=stack_bottom,T=TTL ( / ). (rfc5837) : {INC|SUB|OUT|NXT}:index,IP_addr,"name",mtu=MTU ( ). -A, --as-path-lookups (AS path) . -V, --version . ( ): --sport=port . -N 1 -w 5 . ( ) . --fwmark=mark (firewall mark) ( 2.6.25 ). -M method, --module=name traceroute. udp default icmp (-I) icmp tcp (-T) tcp . -O . (-I -M icmp ). -O option, --options=options . ( -O ). . -O help . -U, --udp UDP ( ). 53 (dns) . -UL UDPLITE ( 53 ). -D, --dccp DCCP . -P protocol, --protocol=protocol . 253 (rfc3692) . --mtu MTU . -F -N 1 . mtu F=NUM mtu . ( icmp <> ). . MTU . tos -t ( ). -F . --back . TTL 64 128 255 ( ). '-NUM' . (LIST OF AVAILABLE METHODS) -M name ( ). default . . udp <<>> . <<>> 33434 . <> . ( ). . icmp -I icmp echo . ping(8) icmp . 3.0 ( IPv4 IPv6 3.11) dgram icmp ( "ping") . sysctl net/ipv4/ping_group_range . : raw ( ). ( ) dgram icmp . dgram dgram icmp. tcp -T . ( 80 http). <<>> udp ( default) icmp echo ( icmp) . / . -T -p 25 -I . << >> (half-open technique) . tcp syn . tcp reset . tcp syn+ack tcp ack tcp reset tcp . tcp : syn,ack,fin,rst,psh,urg,ece,cwr (flags) tcp . flags=num tcp num. ecn syn tcp ECE CWR ( Explicit Congestion Notification rfc3168). sack,timestamps,window_scaling tcp . sysctl sysctl (/proc/sys/net/*) tcp ecn. . fastopen fastopen tcp ( syn) . mss=[num] num ( ) maxseg tcp ( syn) (clamping) . mss M=NUM . (time exceeded) . . ( -N 1 ). info tcp tcp . . tcp -T -O mss sack timestamps window_scaling fastopen ( mss ). syn,sysctl. tcpconn tcp connect(2) tcp . ( ). udp -U udp ( 53 dns). . tcp ( ) . . ( dns ). . udplite -UL udplite ( 53). . : coverage=num udplite num. dccp -D DCCP (rfc4340). << >> TCP . 33434 . : service=num DCCP num ( 1885957735 ). raw -P proto proto. IP . -N 1 -w 5 . : protocol=proto IP proto ( 253). (NOTES) . << >> . icmp (throttle) . 1 ( traceroute) : -N 1 () . << >>. -N 1 . -z -z 0.5 . ( -w ). ( ) <<*>> . -w ( : -w 5). ping -R ( IPv4 ). (SEE ALSO) ping(8), ping6(8), tcpdump(8), netstat(8) Traceroute 11 October 2006 TRACEROUTE(8)