XZ(1) XZ Utils XZ(1) (NAME) xz, unxz, xzcat, lzma, unlzma, lzcat - .xz .lzma (SYNOPSIS) xz [option...] [file...] (COMMAND ALIASES) unxz xz --ecompress. xzcat xz --ecompress --dout. lzma xz --rmat=lzma. unlzma xz --rmat=lzma --ecompress. lzcat xz --rmat=lzma --ecompress --dout. xz (xz -d xz -dc) unxz xzcat . (DESCRIPTION) xz gzip(1) bzip2(1) . .xz .lzma LZMA Utils . .lz lzip . xz file . file- file - xz . xz ( file ). xz . --dout file- - file : o (.xz .lzma) . o .xz .lzma .lz . xz .txz .tlz .tar . file . xz file : o File . . o File . o File setuid setgid sticky . o file (.xz .txz .xz .lzma .tlz .lzma). o file (.xz .txz .lzma .tlz .lz). file xz file . file . xz (ACL) . file --ep . file . SIGINFO SIGUSR1 xz . -- . (Memory usage) xz . (decompressor) . % % . xz -9 MiB . .xz . . xz . ( ulimit(1) mmap(2) ). --mlimit=limit . XZ_DEFAULTS XZ_DEFAULTS=--mlimit=150MiB. --mlimit-compress=limit --mlimit-decompress=limit . XZ_DEFAULTS xz --mlimit=limit ( -M limit) . xz . xz ( --rmat=raw --0-adjust). . xz -9 xz -8 . .xz (Concatenation and padding with .xz files) .xz . xz .xz . (padding) . (null) . .xz . .lzma . (OPTIONS) (Integer suffixes and special values) . . KiB (2^10). Ki k kB K KB KiB . MiB (2^20). Mi m M MB MiB . GiB (2^30). Gi g G GB GiB . max . (Operation mode) . -z, --ompress . ( unxz --ecompress ). -d, --ecompress, --ncompress . -t, -- est file- . --ecompress --dout . . -l, -- file- . . (unseekable) . file- . -- . -- (seek) . less -S . xz (locales) . --obot -- . (Operation modifiers) -k, --ep . xz 5.2.6 xz setuid setgid sticky . setuid setgid sticky . --rce . -f, --rce : o . o setuid setgid sticky . setuid setgid sticky . o --ecompress --dout xz . xzcat --rce cat(1) xz . xz xz . 0format xz . -c, --dout, -- o-stdout . --ep . --ngle-stream .xz . xz . xz .lzma xz .lzma . --ecompress -- est . --0-sparse (sparse files). xz . . / . -S .suf, --ffix=.suf .suf .xz .lzma . .suf . .suf .xz .txz .lzma .tlz .lz . .suf . (--rmat=raw) . --les[=file] file file . (newline) . (-) . file . --les0[=file] --les[=file] (null) . (Basic file format and compression options) -F format, --rmat=format format : auto . auto xz . . ( --rmat=raw) . xz .xz .xz . lzma, alone .lzma .lzma . alone LZMA Utils . lzip .lz . . 0 1 .lz . 0 lzip 1.3 . . . 0 lzip 1.18 . lzip 1.4 1 . (sync flush marker) 1 lzip 1.6 . xz ( ). raw ( ). . --rmat=raw (filter chain) . -C check, --heck=check . .xz . .xz .lzma . ( ) .xz . check : none . . . crc32 CRC32 IEEE-802.3 (). crc64 CRC64 ECMA-182. CRC32 . sha256 SHA-256. CRC32 CRC64 . .xz CRC32 . . --ignore-check . CRC32 .xz . . : o .xz. o . SHA-256 . . -0 ... -9 . -6 . . . gzip(1) bzip2(1) . . -9 gzip(1) bzip2(1) . -0 ... -3 . -0 gzip -9 . bzip2(1) . -4 ... -6 . -6 MiB . (-5e -6e . --\xtreme .) -7 ... -9 -6 . MiB MiB MiB . . . . : Preset DictSize CompCPU CompMem DecMem -0 256 KiB 0 3 MiB 1 MiB -1 1 MiB 1 9 MiB 2 MiB -2 2 MiB 2 17 MiB 3 MiB -3 4 MiB 3 32 MiB 5 MiB -4 4 MiB 4 48 MiB 5 MiB -5 8 MiB 5 94 MiB 9 MiB -6 8 MiB 6 94 MiB 9 MiB -7 16 MiB 6 186 MiB 17 MiB -8 32 MiB 6 370 MiB 33 MiB -9 64 MiB 6 674 MiB 65 MiB : o DictSize LZMA2 . . -7 ... -9 . -6 . o CompCPU LZMA2 . CompCPU -6 ... -9 . --\xtreme . o CompMem . xz . . o DecMem . . LZMA2 . -e, --\xtreme (-0 ... -9) . -0 ... -3 . MiB MiB -3e -5e (CompCPU ) -4e -6e . . Preset DictSize CompCPU CompMem DecMem -0e 256 KiB 8 4 MiB 1 MiB -1e 1 MiB 8 13 MiB 2 MiB -2e 2 MiB 8 25 MiB 3 MiB -3e 4 MiB 7 48 MiB 5 MiB -4e 4 MiB 8 48 MiB 5 MiB -5e 8 MiB 7 94 MiB 9 MiB -6e 8 MiB 8 94 MiB 9 MiB -7e 16 MiB 8 186 MiB 17 MiB -8e 32 MiB 8 370 MiB 33 MiB -9e 64 MiB 8 674 MiB 65 MiB MiB -5 -6 -5e -6e. --st -- -0 -9 . LZMA Utils . . 0size .xz size . . . size . size LZMA2 MiB . - LZMA2 MiB . size LZMA2 LZMA2 . xz . . . . xz . 0sizes .xz . sizes . ( ) . sizes sizes . 0 . sizes ( -- sizes . -- --ist=5MiB,10MiB,8MiB,12MiB,24MiB MiB : MiB. . . 0timeout timeout ( ) (flush) (block) . xz . timeout timeout . . . 0 timeout . POSIX . . xz . 0limit . . limit xz . : limit LZMA2. --rmat=raw --0-adjust . limit xz 1 . limit : o limit . MiB . : --mlimit-compress=80MiB o limit (RAM) . XZ_DEFAULTS . . : --mlimit-compress=70% o limit 0 . limit max ( ) . xz : limit 4020 MiB limit 4020 MiB . MIPS32 2000 MiB . ( 0 max . .) GiB ( GiB MIPS32) . (Memory usage) . 0limit . -- . limit xz . 0limit limit . 0limit . xz . limit limit xz . --mlimit-decompress limit --mlimit-decompress . 0limit limit . xz --info-memory . . limit limit xz . (swapping) . limit 0limit . limit 0 limit . -M limit, --mlimit=limit, --mory=limit --mlimit-compress=limit --mlimit-decompress=limit --mlimit-mt-decompress=limit. --0-adjust . LZMA2 xz . . (--rmat=raw) . -T threads, --hreads=threads . threads 0 xz () . threads . . . threads 1 . threads 0 . (xz 5.2.x .) threads +1 . + 1 . xz --0-adjust . + xz 5.4.0 . (soft limit) . xz . xz . xz --info-memory . . 0size . . 0size . (Custom compressor filter chains) (filter chain) . (-0 ... -9 --\xtreme) . . (piping) . ( ) . . . : . . . ! (--rmat=raw) . options . options . . options xz -vv ( --) . . -- -- LZMA1 LZMA2 . . LZMA1 .lzma LZMA1 . LZMA2 LZMA1 LZMA1 . .xz LZMA2 LZMA1 . LZMA1 LZMA2 . LZMA1 LZMA2 options : 0preset options LZMA1 LZMA2 preset. Preset . 0 9 -0 ... -9. e --\xtreme . preset options LZMA1 LZMA2 6 . 0size ( ) size . () . . size . size KiB MiB . KiB . GiB ( MiB) . GiB LZMA1 LZMA2 . size (mf) LZMA1 LZMA2 . ( ) size . .xz size 2^n 2^n + 2^(n-1) sizes . sizes .xz . 0lc (literal context bits). . lc lp . (literals) . . lc . . US- ASCII 010 011 . lc . (3) . lc=4 . . lc=2 . 0lp (literal position bits). . Lp . pb . 0pb (position bits). . Pb . (2^pb=2^2=4) . pb . (US-ASCII ISO-8859-* UTF-8) pb=0 . UTF-16 pb=1 . pb=0 . pb lp LZMA1 LZMA2 . LZMA1 LZMA2 . 0mf (match finder) . (Hash Chain) (Binary Tree) . preset : 0 hc3 - hc4 bt4 . . dict . hc3 nice: 3 : dict * 7.5 ( dict <= 16 MiB ) dict * 5.5 + 64 MiB ( dict > 16 MiB ) hc4 nice: 4 : dict * 7.5 ( dict <= 32 MiB ) dict * 6.5 ( dict > 32 MiB ) bt2 nice: 2 : dict * 9.5 bt3 nice: 3 : dict * 11.5 ( dict <= 16 MiB ) dict * 9.5 + 64 MiB ( dict > 16 MiB ) bt4 nice: 4 : dict * 11.5 ( dict <= 32 MiB ) dict * 10.5 ( dict > 32 MiB ) 0mode mode . modes fast normal. fast presets - normal presets - . fast normal . presets . 0nice (nice) . nice . Nice - . . preset . 0depth . 0 depth mf nice . depth - - . depth . depth . (--rmat=raw) LZMA2 size . LZMA1 lc lp pb . --6[=options] --rm[=options] --rmthumb[=options] --rm64[=options] --owerpc[=options] --ia64[=options] --arc[=options] // (BCJ) . . BCJ . (redundancy) LZMA2 .xz % . BCJ BCJ . BCJ . BCJ : o ( ) . BCJ . o BCJ BCJ . . . BCJ . : . Filter Alignment Notes x86 1 32-bit or 64-bit x86 ARM 4 ARM-Thumb 2 ARM64 4 4096-byte alignment is best PowerPC 4 Big endian only IA-64 16 Itanium SPARC 4 BCJ LZMA2 LZMA2 BCJ . IA-64 pb=4 pb=4,lp=4,lc=0 LZMA2 (2^4=16). x86 x86 LZMA2 . BCJ options : 0offset offset . offset ( ). . offset . --elta[=options] (Delta) . . . PCM . Delta + LZMA2 . flac(1) . options : 0distance distance . distance - . 1 . dist=2 A1 B1 A2 B3 A3 B5 A4 B7 A1 B1 01 02 01 02 01 02 . (Other options) -q, --quiet . . . . -v, -- . xz . -- . : o . (pipes) . o ( ) ( ). o ( ) ( ). o . o . () () . xz . o M:SS H:MM:SS. o xz . 2 min 30 s. -- xz . . . -Q, --0-warn 2 . --quiet --0-warn . --obot . xz liblzma . xz . (ROBOT MODE) . --info-memory (RAM) xz . -h, -- . -H, -- xz . -V, -- xz liblzma . --obot -- . (ROBOT MODE) --obot . xz . --obot -- --info-memory -- . . (Version) xz --obot -- xz liblzma : 0ON=XYYYZZZS 0BLZMA_VERSION=XYYYZZZS X (Major). YYY (Minor). . . ZZZ (patch level) . S . 0 1 2 . S YYY . xz liblzma XZ Utils XYYYZZZS . : 4.999.9beta 49990091 5.0.0 50000002 . (Memory limit information) xz --obot --info-memory : 1. (RAM) . 2. (--mlimit-compress). 0 . 3. (--mlimit-decompress). 0 . 4. xz 5.3.4alpha: (--mlimit-mt-decompress). . --mlimit-mt-decompress . 5. xz 5.3.4alpha: (-- hreads=0) (--mlimit-compress) . --mlimit-mt-decompress . 6. xz 5.3.4alpha: . xz --obot --info-memory . (List mode) xz --obot -- . : name . . file .xz . name . stream -- . .xz stream . block -- . .xz block . block stream . summary -- . block . file summary .xz . totals . . file: 2. 3. () 4. 5. 6. 0.123. (----) . 7. . : None CRC32 CRC64 SHA-256. 0N N ( ) . 8. (stream padding) stream: 2. ( ) 3. 4. 5. 6. ( ) 7. 8. 9. 10. block: 2. 3. ( ) 4. 5. 6. 7. ( ) 8. 9. 10. -- block . -- : 11. () 12. 13. : c u . (-) . . 14. ( ) 15. ( ) xz 16. . .xz . summary: 2. ( ) xz 3. yes no xz 5.1.2alpha: 4. xz totals: 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. . file . -- totals : 10. ( ) xz 11. yes no xz 5.1.2alpha: 12. xz . 0 . 1 . 2 . ( ) . (ENVIRONMENT) xz XZ_DEFAULTS XZ_OPT . . getopt_long(3) . XZ_DEFAULTS . xz . XZ_DEFAULTS . XZ_OPT xz xz . xz GNU tar(1) : XZ_OPT=-2v tar caf foo.tar.xz foo XZ_OPT . XZ_OPT . sh(1) : XZ_OPT=${XZ_OPT-"-7e"} export XZ_OPT LZMA UTILS (LZMA UTILS COMPATIBILITY) xz lzma unlzma lzcat 4.32.x LZMA Utils . LZMA Utils XZ Utils . . (Compression preset levels) xz LZMA Utils . . . Level xz LZMA Utils -0 256 KiB N/A -1 1 MiB 64 KiB -2 2 MiB 1 MiB -3 4 MiB 512 KiB -4 4 MiB 1 MiB -5 8 MiB 2 MiB -6 8 MiB 4 MiB -7 16 MiB 8 MiB -8 32 MiB 16 MiB -9 64 MiB 32 MiB LZMA Utils XZ Utils : Level xz LZMA Utils 4.32.x -0 3 MiB N/A -1 9 MiB 2 MiB -2 17 MiB 12 MiB -3 32 MiB 12 MiB -4 48 MiB 16 MiB -5 94 MiB 26 MiB -6 94 MiB 45 MiB -7 186 MiB 83 MiB -8 370 MiB 159 MiB -9 674 MiB 311 MiB LZMA Utils -7 XZ Utils -6 MiB . .lzma (Streamed vs. non-streamed .lzma files) .lzma . LZMA Utils . (end-of-payload marker) . LZMA Utils (pipes) . xz .lzma .lzma xz .lzma . . .lzma . LZMA Utils LZMA SDK .lzma . .lzma (Unsupported .lzma files) .lzma lc lp . LZMA Utils lc lp lc=3 lp=0 . lc lp xz LZMA SDK . LZMA1 liblzma lc lp . .lzma xz . LZMA Utils .lzma 2^n ( ) . liblzma .lzma 2^n 2^n + 2^(n-1) . .lzma . .lzma liblzma . (Trailing garbage) LZMA Utils .lzma . . LZMA Utils .lzma . .lzma xz --ngle-stream . . (NOTES) (Compressed output may vary) XZ Utils . ( ). (builds) XZ Utils . --syncable rsync xz . (freeze) rsync xz . .xz (Embedded .xz decompressors) .xz XZ Embedded check none crc32 . --heck=crc64 (embedded) --heck=none --heck=crc32 . .xz check check . XZ Embedded BCJ . (EXAMPLES) (Basics) foo foo.xz (-6) foo : xz foo bar.xz bar bar.xz : xz -dk bar.xz baz.tar.xz -4e (-4 --extreme) -6 ( 48 MiB 5 MiB): tar cf - baz | xz -4e > baz.tar.xz : xz -dcf a.txt b.txt.xz c.txt d.txt.lzma > abcd.txt (Parallel compression of many files) GNU *BSD find(1) xargs(1) : find . -type f \! -name '*.xz' -print0 \ | xargs -0r -P4 -n16 xz -T1 -P xargs(1) xz . -n . 1 100 xz xargs(1) . -T1 xz xargs(1) . (Robot mode) : xz --robot --list *.xz | awk '/^totals/{print $5-$4}' xz . sh(1) xz 5.0.0 . --robot : if ! eval "$(xz --robot --version 2> /dev/null)" || [ "$XZ_VERSION" -lt 50000002 ]; then echo "Your xz is too old." fi unset XZ_VERSION LIBLZMA_VERSION XZ_OPT : NEWLIM=$((123 << 20)) # 123 MiB OLDLIM=$(xz --robot --info-memory | cut -f3) if [ $OLDLIM -eq 0 -o $OLDLIM -gt $NEWLIM ]; then XZ_OPT="$XZ_OPT --memlimit-decompress=$NEWLIM" export XZ_OPT fi (Custom compressor filter chains) LZMA2 . . CompCPU -0 ... -9 --extreme LZMA2 . : Preset CompCPU -0 0 -1 1 -2 2 -3 3 -4 4 -5 5 -6 6 -5e 7 -6e 8 ( 32 MiB) xz -8 CompCPU ( 1) : xz --lzma2=preset=1,dict=32MiB foo.tar xz -6 . CompCPU . . LZMA2 . 64 MiB xz -9 : xz -vv --lzma2=dict=192MiB big_foo.tar -vv (--verbose --verbose) . . . -6e (-6 --extreme) 64 KiB . XZ Embedded ( --check=crc32 ) 100 KiB . xz --check=crc32 --lzma2=preset=6e,dict=64KiB foo (lc) (pb) . (lp) lc pb . US-ASCII ( 0.1 %) xz -6e ( lc=4 ): xz --lzma2=preset=6e,pb=0,lc=4 source_code.tar LZMA2 . x86-32 x86-64 BCJ x86: xz --x86 --lzma2 libfoo.so . --x86 --lzma2 xz LZMA2 BCJ x86 . (Delta) LZMA2 (bitmap) . PNG Deflate . TIFF . (distance) . 24- RGB dist=3 pb=0 LZMA2 : xz --delta=dist=3 --lzma2=pb=0 foo.tiff ( .tar) . (SEE ALSO) xzdec(1) xzdiff(1) xzgrep(1) xzless(1) xzmore(1) gzip(1) bzip2(1) 7z(1) XZ Utils: XZ Embedded: LZMA SDK: (AUTHOR) Lasse Collin (REPORTING BUGS) : ( ). XZ Utils GitHub: (COPYRIGHT) (C) 2009-2022 Lasse Collin XZ Utils. (Public Domain) . . Tukaani 2022-12-01 XZ(1)